The Aswan Dam

Dam construction in southern Egypt, that exploits the water of the Nile.

The construction was started in 1960, and fully finished 10 years later. The Aswan High Dam became an expression of political tensions in those days — financed by the help of the Soviet Union, a few years after the war inflicted upon Egypt by Israel, France and Britain. Of the total cost of US$1 billion, about 1/3 seems to have been a gift from the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union provided 400 technicians for the work. The lake that grew gradually from the construction, is called Lake Nasser, in honour of the president Gamal Abdel Nasser, who died the year the dam was finished.

The embankment is 111 metres high, with a width of near 1,000 metres. Lake Nasser is 480 km long and up to 16 km wide. The power station has a yearly output capacity of 2,1 gigawatts, but the full capacity cannot be realized because Lake Nasser's water level is lower than optimum.

Nearby, about 6 km north of the High Dam, lies the older Aswan Dam, from 1902. This was modernized in 1960, and is also producing electricity.

Reference: http://lexicorient.com/e.o/aswandam.htm

Pyramids

The only one from the ancient seven marvels of world that survive today, the Pyramids are the oldest see-sight in the earth. Apart from their age of (roughly 4.000 years) eminently they are also their mysteries. How they built them? Who was their aim?

We know that they were enormous graves where are built with order of Pharaoh from teams of tens of thousands of workers. Recently were discovered the settlements of builders that contain spaces of mass production of food and medical installations. The excavations in the Giza provide always more elements that lead to the conclusion that the workers were not slaves but well organised workforce from Egyptian farmers.

Each year the season of flood, when the Nile covers the fields and made impossible the agricultural work, is believed that the well organised bureaucracy attended in order that the farmers are transferred in order to they work in the grave of king.

The Pyramids could constitute a ancient program of creation of places of work. Moreover the Nile that flooded made easier the transport of Stone for the building. The ancient Egyptians were building so much amazing mausolea no because they had fury with the death or because him they fearred but because they believed in the eternal life and wished it is with sy'mpan.

The Pharaoh as son of gods was also their mediator and his role was it leads the force of gods to his population.

They honoured him as long as it lived also they worshipped him afterwards his death, while they placed him between the ground and the sky in order to it links the mortal with divine world.

A Pyramid was the grave that he deserved.

Useful information for Egypt

Climate : Egypt has soft climate with enough resemblances with Greece. At the duration of summertime it makes heat but is enough bearable because the humidity oscillates in low levels. Winter the temperature does not go down the 12 degrees of Celsiusm.

Language: Arabic. In the tourist parts and hotels you can speak in English or French.

Population: 70.000.000 residents.

Currency: The Egyptian pound

Clothing: From April until October it is recommended you wear the summer thin clothes, hat and comfortable shoes. The women will be supposed to avoid the provocative clothing, same in the ypaj'crjes markets and in the visits in museums or panes. From November up to March it will be supposed you wear the light wintry clothes.

Suez Canal

The bigger canal in the world, total length of 168 km with biggest width in certain points 160-200 m. and depth of 11,60 m. her manufacture began from the Ferdinando Lesseps in 1854 and her official openings became 17 November 1869. In her manufacture participated also Greek from the Kaso and the Kastelorizo somebodies from which they were installed permanently in the region.

Her importance in the World Navigation is enormous. Linking the Mediterranean with the Red Sea it creates a really commercial artery Europe - ND, Southerner and Asia up to Far East.

In 1956 the Naser nationalised the canal putting an end to the british sovereignty consequently a english-french undertaking at Egypt which failed men, but kept closed the canal up to 1957.A big number of navigators and more inferior employees of company was Greeks with very big acceptances.

Later in the War of six Days in June 1967, between Arabs and Israelis, canal it suffered serious damage that him kept closed on seven years intervened also the newer Israeli-egyptian conflict in October 1973. Finally afterwards and from afjlokerdi' disposal of certain dredges from I. Latsis and other Greek shipowners djw'ryga it was cleaned from the shipwrecks and it was given in the service of marine transports the in May in 1975.

The boats that go through the canal overwhelm in egyptian state dues of passage (tolls) of clean capacity that are calculated with base of "capacity's canal Suez" (Suez Canal Tonnage) roughly 23% of more british calculations. Also the boats are submitted in obligatory pilotage by the entry up to their exit. The boats that go through today the canal are up to 150.000 dwt charged, but also bigger provided that they are voids of charge, with permissible thus draught. Obvious it is that the Tankers over of 150.000 dwt impregnated as well as them the 200,.300 and 400 thousand tone coast-hug Cape of Mr of Hope (Cap Route) overloaded considerably the big difference of distance.

Along the Nile

Between the arid wastes of the Arabian Desert and Libyan Desert runs the silver-green ribbon of the River Nile. Each year it overflows its banks, watering the surrounding land and enriching it with the river mud. It was here in the fertile Nile Valley that the civilization of ancient Egypt took shape, and pharaohs raised the great pyramids that still stand today. Egyptian civilization was based on successful agriculture, and the Nile Valley is still an important agricultural area, growing wheat, cotton, vegetables, sugar cane and tobacco. Here and there new methods and new machines have been introduced, but in the patchwork of fields criss-crossed with irrigation camals, white-robed farmers can be ssen working, sometimes alone, sometimes helped by oxen, donkeys or camels; white-sailed ships still glide along the river.
Southward from the Nile Delta, the valley gradually becomes narrower and less fertile, and the vegetation scarcer. Yet it is in less favoured lands far to the south of Egypt that the Nile has its sources, and is fed by many mountain streams and outflows from lakes.

Pharaoh

The most powerful person in ancient Egypt was the pharaoh. The pharaoh was the political and religious leader of the Egyptian people, holding the titles: 'Lord of the Two Lands' and 'High Priest of Every Temple'.
As 'Lord of the Two Lands' the pharaoh was the ruler of Upper and Lower Egypt. He owned all of the land, made laws, collected taxes, and defended Egypt against foreigners.
As 'High Priest of Every Temple', the pharaoh represented the gods on Earth. He performed rituals and built temples to honour the gods.
Many pharaohs went to war when their land was threatened or when they wanted to control foreign lands. If the pharaoh won the battle, the conquered people had to recognise the Egyptian pharaoh as their ruler and offer him the finest and most valuable goods from their land.